Search for dissertations about: "bacterial fitness"

Showing result 11 - 15 of 55 swedish dissertations containing the words bacterial fitness.

  2. 11. Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

    Author : Franziska Pietsch; Diarmaid Hughes; Josep Casadesús; Uppsala universitet; []
    Keywords : ciprofloxacin; rifampicin; bacterial fitness; compensation; mutation rate; Biology with specialization in Evolutionary Genetics; Biologi med inriktning mot evolutionär genetik;

    Abstract : The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat to modern medicine. The rapid dissemination of resistant pathogens and the associated loss of efficacy of many important drugs needs to be met with the development of new antibiotics and alternative treatment options. READ MORE

  4. 12. Bacterial adaption to novel selection pressures

    Author : Annika Nilsson; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
    Keywords : Evolution; bacterial adaptation; mutation rate; population size; mutation accumulation; fitness; antibiotic resistance; compensation; genetic drift; genome reduction;

    Abstract : The rates and trajectories of bacterial evolution are determined both by microbial factors and environmental parameters. In this thesis 1 have investigated how bacterial mutation rates and selection pressure affect the rate and extent of adaptation to novel environments. READ MORE

  5. 13. Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli: Prevention, Genetics and Fitness Costs

    Author : Linda L. Marcusson; Diarmaid Hughes; Karl Drlica; Uppsala universitet; []
    Keywords : Biology; Fluoroquinolone; Escherichia coli; Resistance; Gyrase; Topoisomerase IV; MPC; Fitness compensation; Urinary Tract Infection; Biologi;

    Abstract : Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly a major healthcare problem but very few new classes of antibiotics have been discovered or launched in recent decades. Approaches to dealing with the problem include learning how bacteria evolve to resistance and improving dosing regimens with current antibiotics so as to reduce the selection of resistant bacteria. READ MORE

  6. 14. Bacterial DNA repair and molecular search

    Author : Arvid H. Gynnå; Johan Elf; Stephen Kowalczykowski; Uppsala universitet; []
    Keywords : NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; DNA repair; DNA damage; homologous recombination; homologous repair; recombination; RecA; I-SceI; Biology with specialization in Molecular Biotechnology; Biologi med inriktning mot molekylär bioteknik;

    Abstract : Surveillance and repair of DNA damage is necessary in all kinds of life. Different types of DNA damage require different repair mechanisms, but these mechanisms are often similar in all domains of life. The most serious type of damage, double stranded DNA breaks, are for example repaired in conceptually similar ways in both bacteria and eukaryotes. READ MORE

  7. 15. Accuracy of mRNA Translation in Bacterial Protein Synthesis

    Author : Jingji Zhang; Måns Ehrenberg; Olke C. Uhlenbeck; Uppsala universitet; []
    Keywords : NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; protein synthesis; genetic code; misreading; error hot spots; kinetics; aminoglycoside; Biokemi; Biochemistry;

    Abstract : Reading of messenger RNA (mRNA) by aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) on the ribosomes in the bacterial cell occurs with high accuracy. It follows from the physical chemistry of enzymatic reactions that there must be a trade-off between rate and accuracy of initial tRNA selection in protein synthesis: when the current accuracy, the A-value, approaches its maximal possible value, the d-value, the kinetic efficiency of the reaction approaches zero. READ MORE