Search for dissertations about: "prefrontal cortex."

Showing result 21 - 25 of 130 swedish dissertations containing the words prefrontal cortex..

2. 21. Mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs : focus on the nucleus accumbens and the prefronta cortex : an experimental study

   Author : Monica M Marcus; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Keywords : Schizophrenia; antipsychotic drug; nucleus accumbens shell; nucleus accumbens core; prefrontal cortex; dopamine; 5-11T2A receptor; alpha1 adrenoceptor; C12 adrenoceptor; glutamate; nicotine.;

   Abstract : Antipsychotic drugs have been classified as typical or atypical. To achieve an effective antipsychotic effect with typical antipsychotic drugs, e.g. haloperidol, a dopamine D2 receptor blockade of about 70% seems necessary. READ MORE

4. 22. Molecular Adaptations in the Endogenous Opioid System in Human and Rodent Brain

   Author : Muhammad Zubair Hussain; Georgy Bakalkin; Anita Hansson; Uppsala universitet; []
   Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Endogenous Opioid System; Dynorphins; Lateralization; Alcohol Dependence; Emotions; Traumatic Brain Injury; Anterior Cingulate Cortex; Dorsal Striatum; Neuroscience; Neurovetenskap;

   Abstract : The aims of the thesis were to examine i) whether the endogenous opioid system (EOS) is lateralized in human brain areas involved in processing of emotions and pain; ii) whether EOS responses to unilateral brain injury depend on side of lesion, and iii) whether in human alcoholics, this system is involved in molecular adaptations in brain areas relevant for cognitive control of addictive behavior and habit formation.The main findings were that (1) opioid peptides but not opioid receptors and classic neurotransmitters are markedly lateralized in the anterior cingulate cortex involved in processing of  positive and negative emotions and affective component of pain. READ MORE

5. 23. Capsulotomy in anxiety disorders

   Author : Christian Rück; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Keywords : obsessive-compulsive disorder; anxiety disorders; psychosurgery; internal capsule; prefrontal cortex; neuropsychology; personality inventory; bioethics; neurosurgery;

   Abstract : Background and aim: Anxiety disorders are common and a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to conventional treatments such as SSRIs or CBT. Capsulotomy is a neurosurgical treatment for treatment refractory patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and other anxiety disorders. READ MORE

6. 24. The phencyclidine model of schizophrenia : dysregulation of brain dopamine systems induced by NMDA receptor antagonists

   Author : Jan M Mathé; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Keywords : phencyclidine; MK-801; CNQX; prazosin; tetrodotoxin; dopamine; neurotensin; ventral tegmental area; nucleus accumbens; medial prefrontal cortex;

   Abstract : Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP) and dizocilpine (MK-801) can even acutely induce a drug induced psychotic state which closely resembles schizophrenia. The midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, which originate in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are involved in motivational, attentional and cognitive processes, and have also been profoundly implicated in schizophrenia. READ MORE

7. 25. The effect of chronic alcoholism on epigenetic patterns regulating gene expression and neurodegeneration in the human brain

   Author : Sofia Johansson; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Keywords : Alcoholism; cognition; drug dependence; brain; frontal cortex; motor cortex; LUMA; epigenetics; methylation; gene expression; endogenous controls; real-time PCR.;

   Abstract : Chronic alcoholism causes about 3.2% of all deaths worldwide. It has an association to about 60 different diseases and injuries with enormous social and economical impact. Despite these facts, very few pharmacological treatments exist and we can still not explain the mechanisms behind addiction, craving and cognitive impairments seen in the abuser. READ MORE