Search for dissertations about: "substitution groups"

Showing result 1 - 5 of 98 swedish dissertations containing the words substitution groups.

  2. 1. Direct Catalytic Nucleophilic Substitution of Non-Derivatized Alcohols

    Author : Anon Bunrit; Joseph Samec; Joseph Moran; Stockholms universitet; []
    Keywords : NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; nucleophilic substitution; catalysis; alcohols; stereospecific; Lewis acid; Brønsted acid base; bifunctional; heterocycles; organisk kemi; Organic Chemistry;

    Abstract : This thesis focuses on the development of methods for the activation of the hydroxyl group in non-derivatized alcohols in substitution reactions. The thesis is divided into two parts, describing three different catalytic systems. READ MORE

  4. 2. Inference of Hierarchical Structure in Complex Systems

    Author : Olof Görnerup; Chalmers tekniska högskola; []
    Keywords : NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Protein evolution; Substitution groups; Modularity; Hierarchical dynamics; RNA world; Genetic code; Aggregation; Primordial evolution; Molecular evolution; Model reduction; Self-organization; Lumping; Emergence; Coarse graining;

    Abstract : Hierarchical organization is a central property of complex systems. It is even argued that a system is required to be hierarchical in order to evolve complexity within reasonable time. A hierarchy of a system is defined as the set of self-contained levels at which the system operates and can be described on. READ MORE

  5. 3. Swedish Pharmaceutical Benefit Reforms ?Analyses of implementation, pharmaceutical sales patterns and expenditures

    Author : Karolina Andersson; Göteborgs universitet; []
    Keywords : MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; pharmaceutical policy; health care reform; reimbursement; co-payment; reference-based pricing; generic substitution; drug cost; cost sharing;

    Abstract : Background: Over the last few decades, the sales of prescription drugs have increased dramatically in many western countries; however, this increase requires individuals and society to bear larger economic consequences. To improve cost control for pharmaceuticals, several reforms attempt to reconcile the economic responsibility of the patients, prescribers and third party payers. READ MORE

  6. 4. The missing links : Towards an Informed Substitution of Durable Water Repellent Chemicals for Textiles

    Author : Steffen Schellenberger; Ian Cousins; Stefan Stolte; Stockholms universitet; []
    Keywords : NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Applied Environmental Science; tillämpad miljövetenskap;

    Abstract : Durable water repellents (DWRs) that provide liquid repellency to functional textiles are part of an ongoing global substitution process. The process of substitution was initiated after DWRs based on side-chain fluorinated polymers (long-chain SFPs) were identified to contribute to the diffuse release of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the environment. READ MORE

  7. 5. Computational Studies of Chemical Interactions: Molecules, Surfaces and Copper Corrosion

    Author : Joakim Halldin Stenlid; Tore Brinck; Thomas Bligaard; KTH; []
    Keywords : NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; computational chemistry; density functional theory; chemical interactions; reactivity descriptors; copper corrosion; surface and materials science; nucleophilic substitution reactions; heterogeneous catalysis; transition metal oxides; nanotechnology; beräkningskemi; täthetsfunktionalteori; kemiska interaktioner; reaktivitetsdeskriptorer; kopparkorrosion; yt- och materialvetenskap; nukleofila substitutionsreaktioner; heterogen katalys; överångsmetalloxider; nanoteknologi; Kemi; Chemistry;

    Abstract : The chemical bond – a corner stone in science and a prerequisite for life – is the focus of this thesis. Fundamental and applied aspects of chemical bonding are covered including the development of new computational methods for the characterization and rationalization of chemical interactions. READ MORE