A Design Rationale for Pervasive Computing : User Experience, Contextual Change and Technical Requirements

Abstract: The vision of pervasive computing promises a shift from information tech-nology per se to what can be accomplished by using it, thereby fundamen-tally changing the relationship between people and information technology. In order to realize this vision, a large number of issues concerning user ex-perience, contextual change, and technical requirements should be ad-dressed. We provide a design rationale for pervasive computing that encom-passes these issues, in which we argue that a prominent aspect of user ex-perience is to provide user control, primarily founded in human values. As one of the more significant aspects of the user experience, we provide an extended discussion about privacy. With contextual change, we address the fundamental change in previously established relationships between the practices of individuals, social institutions, and physical environments that pervasive computing entails. Finally, issues of technical requirements refer to technology neutrality and openness—factors that we argue are fundamen-tal for realizing pervasive computing. We describe a number of empirical and technical studies, the results of which have helped to verify aspects of the design rationale as well as shap-ing new aspects of it. The empirical studies include an ethnographic-inspired study focusing on information technology support for everyday activities, a study based on structured interviews concerning relationships between con-texts of use and everyday planning activities, and a focus group study of laypeople’s interpretations of the concept of privacy in relation to informa-tion technology. The first technical study concerns the model of personal service environments as a means for addressing a number of challenges con-cerning user experience, contextual change, and technical requirements. Two other technical studies relate to a model for device-independent service de-velopment and the wearable server as a means to address issues of continu-ous usage experience and technology neutrality respectively.