Optical Studies For Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines

Abstract: Synchrotron radiation sources have greatly contributed to the progress in many fields of science. The development of the storage ring technologies has made possible to obtain very low emittance electron beams, which together with the use of undulators allow guiding a very high photon flux into a very small spot required by the experiments. Development of the sources has been accompanied with equally strong progress in beamline optics, improving further experimental conditions and opening new possibilities in science. This follows from the fact that beamlines have to transport the photon beam from the source to the experiment while conserving the beam quality and the photon flux of the source as good as possible. This work uses basic concepts of X-ray optics to develop beamlines and beamline instrumentation. First, a beamline design that uses astigmatism is discussed. This project takes advantage of the low vertical emittance of the MAX II and MAX IV storage rings to improve the flexibility of soft X-ray beamlines. Secondly a polarimeter is introduced, a device that characterizes the polarization of the light at the experimental station. In this part a new method is presented for analyzing the polarimeter data. Finally, applying wave optics to X-ray optics is presented and discussed. It is shown how new tools were added into wave propagation modeling, taking into account surface errors of the optical components used in grazing incidence. For these studies the source properties, X-ray interaction with matter together with many concepts in optics are needed and are also presented here.