Ultralow noise pre-amplified receiver for free-space optical communications

Abstract: The demand for high data rate in space communication links is increasing due to the growth of space exploration missions inter-satellite, and satellite-to-Earth data transmission. Optical communication systems capable of handling hundreds of Gigabits per second data transmission with a single light carrier and are suitable for such space links. In addition, light offers smaller beam divergence in space due to the shorter wavelength compared to radio frequency beams (RF), resulting in smaller link loss and smaller size receiver apertures required. The receiver sensitivity is one of the key factors that determines the capacity and reach for such long haul communication links. Currently, there is a search for the optimal modulation format and receiver implementation combination to achieve the best sensitivity for error-free transmission. In this thesis, we discuss and implement the best possible combination of these, both theoretically and experimentally. Phase sensitive parametric optical amplifier (PSA) can amplify optical signals ideally without adding any excess noise, limited only by quantum fluctuations. Employing these as preamplifiers in free-space receivers can thus improve the sensitivity compared to erbium doped fiber amplifiers. We implement a two-mode PSA with a noise figure of 1.2 dB, which can amplify both quadratures of a signal, being used as a pre-amplifier in coherent receiver setup. We experimentally demonstrate a record black-box sensitivity of 1 photon-per-bit using PSA receiver for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation format at 10.5 Gbps with 100 % overhead forward error correction code. This sensitivity also includes ultra-low pump power (-72 dBm) which is recovered using pre-amplified injection locking. We also investigate the most power efficient modulation formats, where a combination of m-(pulse-position modulation) PPM+QPSK with higher m-values provides best sensitivity at relatively high received SNR-per-bit, while QPSK outperforms all formats investigated at very low SNR-per-bit, which is ideal for space communications.