Theoretical and engineering aspects on the gasification of biomass

Abstract: During the past twenty years, considerable efforts have been invested in fundamental research on the thermochemical conversion of alternative solid fuels and on its areas of application. Today, the attempt is being made to develop processes for upgrading those fuels to become easy accessible energy sources of high efficiency. The thesis concerns thermochemical means for utilizing biomass. Light is shed on some of the fundamental questions involved and on some of the challenges connected with implementing such energy resources in industrial-scale processes in modern society. Since implementation concerns today primarily heat and power production, the thesis focuses on pyrolysis and on gasification processes. In addition, certain key technical issues such as fluidized bed gasification and hot gas cleaning are addressed. Apart from a comprehensive review of the subject, the presentation covers certain important issues concerning the characterization and performance of biomass and related sustainable fuel sources. In addition, results of tests on a technical scale are reported, specific topics that directly affect the implementation of biofuels in industrial processes being emphasized. Specifically, the importance of hot gas cleanup is pointed out, some of the requirements and possible solutions being focused upon.