I-girder Composite Bridges with Lateral Bracing : Improved load distribution

Abstract: This thesis deals with the subject of lateral bracing between the bottom flanges of I-girder composite bridges. The focus is on the impact of adding lateral bracing on existing bridges, as well as on new bridges. Experience and knowledge from bridge projects around the world are investigated and implemented in the evaluation of the research subject.Many existing bridges are in need of being strengthened or replaced, due to the increased traffic volume and heavier traffic loads. Different approaches can be used to prolong the lifetime of existing bridges. The approach is different depending on the cause, but for increasing the lifetime regarding fatigue some of the most suitable options are described in this thesis. A proposed concept is presented, in this thesis, along with some research questions to be answered.The use of lateral bracings in composite bridges varies between different parts of the world. In one country it can be a requirement/common praxis for long span composite bridges with two I-girders, in other countries there are no requirements of using them. Some parts of these regulations and requirements can be traced back to the tradition in both manufacturing and construction of this type of bridges. This thesis investigates how lateral bracing is used around the world to distribute eccentric loads between primary longitudinal structural members, provide resistance to lateral loads, and to permit an existing two-girder structural system to be retrofitted to behave similarly to an often more expensive closed steel box girder.Furthermore, several case studies have been conducted to investigate the impact on the structural behavior of composite bridges where a lateral bracing is implemented in the structure. The results from these case studies are presented in the thesis and show the advantages of the quasi-box section for which the lateral bracing is closing the composite cross section. By making the I-girder composite cross section acting more like a box-section, the distribution of eccentric loads between the girders is improved. The impact on longitudinal stresses from traffic loads and the additional effects on internal sectional parts are also evaluated and discussed.Furthermore, proposals of the connection design for lateral bracings in existing bridges are suggested. Finally, conclusions from the results are stated.